In recent news, TechCrunch uncovered that Facebook was abusing Apple's Developer Enterprise Program, a platform that lets businesses distribute unreviewed apps to employees and sign certificates. Facebook's Abuse of Profiles & Root Certificates This can lead to malicious software running on your iPhone, software you'll want to get rid of asap.
Some developers use back alleys to get their apps to you, while others can trick you into installing them without giving it much thought.
When you want to install a new tool or game on your iPhone, you go straight to the App Store to do so - but it's not the only place you can get apps from.